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Biography
Reynolds was born in Plympton, Devonshire, on July 16, 1723, the son of a cleric. He learned portraiture from a painter in London and in 1749 sailed to the Mediterranean with Commodore Augustus Keppel. After three years traveling in Italy he returned to London, where he soon attracted notice by his portraits of prominent persons. He came to be the first English painter to achieve social recognition for his artistic achievements.
In 1764 Reynolds founded the Literary Club, which included essayist and critic Samuel Johnson, actor David Garrick, statesman Edmund Burke, writer Oliver Goldsmith, writer James Boswell, and dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan. When the Royal Academy of Arts was instituted in 1768, Reynolds was elected president and was knighted. In 1769 he delivered the first of his annual Discourses (pub. 1778) to the students of the academy in which he set forth the idealistic, moralizing principles of academic art. (continued on the bottom)
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In 1784 he succeeded Allan Ramsay as painter to the king; in the same year he exhibited his portrait of the English actor Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse (1784, Huntington Art Gallery, San Marino, California), probably his greatest portrait. Other well-known paintings are Nelly O'Brien (1760-62, Wallace Collection, London), Lady Sarah Bunbury (1765, Art Institute of Chicago), Heads of Angels (1787, Tate Gallery, London), and Age of Innocence (1788, Tate Gallery).
Reynolds is credited with more than 2000 portraits. Stylistically, he was influenced by Michelangelo and the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens. Reynolds's portraits were distinguished by calm dignity, classical allusions, rich color, and realistic portrayal of character. Unfortunately, his use of bitumen (or asphalt) and experimental pigments made some of his colors fade prematurely. Nevertheless, his portraits form an epitome of London society of his day. He died in London on February 23, 1792.
Sir Joshua Reynolds in Museums and Web Sites (Click on link to view image)
Art Institute of Chicago Collection Database
Madonna and Child with Two Angels, drawing after Correggio
Dallas Museum of Art, Texas
Portrait of Miss Mary Pelham, ca.1757
Sir Joshua Reynolds at the Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan
Mrs. Richard Paul Jodrell
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
6 works by Sir Joshua Reynolds
Fitzwilliam Museum PHAROS Website, Cambridge, UK
Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia
The Continence of Scipio, 1789
The Infant Hercules Strangling the Serpents, 1786
Cupid Untying the Zone of Venus, 1788
Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indiana
Kunsthistorisches Museum Databank, Vienna (in German)
Sir Joshua Reynolds in the Louvre Museum Database, Paris (only available in French)
Sir Joshua Reynolds at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Study of a Woman and Child, black chalk drawing
Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minnesota
2 works online
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas
(Zoomify viewer requires Java in order to view images)
National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh
3 works online
Sir Joshua Reynolds at the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
9 works by Sir Joshua Reynolds
National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
Colonel Charles Churchill
Sir Jeffrey Amherst, K.B.
Neue Pinakothek, Munich, Germany
Artcyclopedia
Masterscan feature: The Infant Jupiter
Wikimedia Commons Image Database