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Gustav Klimt Austrian Art Nouveau painter
Gustav Klimt [Austrian Art Nouveau Painter, 1862-1918]

 

Biography

The son of a Bohemian engraver, Gustav Klimt was born on July 14, 1862, in Baumgarten near Vienna. he attended the Vienna Avademy between the ages of 14 and 22, then worked in collaboration with his brother Ernst and the painter Matsch on decorations for the Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum and theaters in Vienna, Fiume and, in Czechoslovakia, Karlsbad and Reichenberg. The death of Ernst in 1892 brought the partnership to an end and left Klimt incapable of painting for almost six years.

When he took up his brush again in 1897, his style had completely altered. From 1890 onward he had had the opportunity to see Impressionist, Neo-Impressionist, Pointillist, and Symbolist pictures at exhibitions in Vienna. These, and his contact with works of the English Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, the American James McNeill Whistler, the Dutchman Jan Toorop, and German "Jugendstil," provided Klimt with the stimulus he needed to develop a specifically Austrian form of Art Nouveau. When the Vienna Sezession was founded in 1897 to promote this new style, Klimt was the first president. By contributing articles and drawings to the journal "Ver Sacrum" (Sacred Spring), which was founded for the same purpose, he also brought Art Nouveau to Austrian book illustrations.

The problems that preoccupied him, however, were still those connected with interior decoration. The three ceiling decorations commissioned from him for the university of Vienna, 1900-3, showed how Art Nouveau could be adapted to the demands of monumental painting. When the authorities refused to erect them, Klimt himself bought them back. In the frieze of the same period, intended as free interpretation of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and exhibited at the Sezession, the slender, expressive figures echo paintings by the Pre-Raphaelites and by Edvard Munch. (continued at the bottom)

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The Virgin by Gustav Klimt
Danae by Gustav Klimt
Death and Life by Gustav Klimt
Garden Path with Chickens by Gustav Klimt
Hygeia by Gustav Klimt
Mermaids and White Fish by Gustav Klimt
Music by Gustav Klimt
Serpents by Gustav Klimt
The Kiss by Gustav Klimt
The Virgin by Gustav Klimt
Judith I by Gustav Klimt
Hope II by Gustav Klimt
Malcesine on Lake Garda by Gustav Klimt
Portrait of Fritza Riedler by Gustav Klimt
Portrait of Mada Primavesi by Gustav Klimt
Stoclet Frieze Expectation by Gustav Klimt
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer by Gustav Klimt
Serpents II by Gustav Klimt

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In 1905 Klimt left the Sezession. from 1905 to 1908 he collaborated on a mural in mosaic and enamel on marble for the dinning room of the Stoclet Palace in Brussels. The various media employed in this mural included tempera and gold and silver leaf. Klimt was making extensive use of spiral forms at this time, and arranging his figures in such a way that the spaces between them became as important as the figures themselves. In 1908 he was awarded a gold medal in Rome, and started the Klimt Group. At about this time he began to intensify his colors and his designs, building up tension by presenting the contrast between flat and plastic forms.

Two years later a Klimt retrospective exhibition was held at the Venice Biennale. In 1917 Klimt was made an honorary member of the Vienna and Munich Academies. The following year, on February 6, he died in Vienna, having paved a way for modern Austrian art.

 

Gustav Klimt in Museums (Click on Museum to view image)

Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan
Sleeping Child, drawing

Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
Study for Portrait of Adele Bloch Bauer

Gustav Klimt at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Serena Lederer, 1899

Gustav Klimt at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Mäda Primavesi, 1912

Museum of Modern Art, New York City
3 works online

National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

Gustav Klimt at the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
Baby (Cradle), 1917/18

National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
Hope I, 1903, plus 3 drawings

National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
Site developed for the 2001 exhibition Gustav Klimt - Modernism in the Making

Gustav Klimt at the National Gallery, London, UK
Portrait of Hermine Gallia

Neue Pinakothek, Munich, Germany

Accademia Carrara, Bergamo, Italy (in Italian)  

Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Japan

Allen Art Museum at Oberlin College, Ohio
Portrait of a Lady

Armand Hammer Museum of Art at UCLA, California
Study for Satyr Carrying Drum, ca.1886-88

Art Collection of the Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, Colombia

Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 
2 drawings online

Galleria Civica di Modena, Italy (in Italian)  

Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome (in Italian)  
Le tre età, 1905

Harvard University Art Museums Database, Massachusetts
(Note: Database queries can be a bit slow)

Joconde Database of French Museum Collections (in French)  

Kunsthaus Zug, Switzerland (in German)   
Italienische Gartenlandschaft, 1913

Landesmuseum Joanneum, Austria (in German)  
2 drawings

Museo Ca' Pesaro, Venice (in Italian)  
Giuditta II (Salomé), 1909

Museum of Modern Art, New York City - Provenance Research Project
The Park
Hope, II [Die Hoffnung]
, 1907-08

Neue Galerie Museum for German and Austrian Art, New York City
The Dancer, ca.1916-18 (Click on "Collection" to see work)

Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna
The Kiss, 1907/08

Secession, Vienna
The Beethoven Frieze

Tate Gallery, London, UK

Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Israel
Friedericke Maria Beer, 1916

The MAK, Vienna
3 detail images from the Stoclet Frieze, 1905-12 (the top 3 images)

Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Japan
Portrait of Eugenia Primavesi, 1913-14

           
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