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Claude Monet French Impressionist Painter
Claude Monet [French Impressionist Painter, 1840-1926]

 

Biography

Monet was born on November 14, 1840, in Paris, but he spent most of his childhood in Le Havre. There, in his teens, he studied drawing; he also painted seascapes outside with the French painter Eugene Louis Boudin. By 1859 Monet had committed himself to a career as an artist and began to spend as much time in Paris as possible. During the 1860s he was associated with the preimpressionist painter Edouard Manet, and with other aspiring French painters destined to form the impressionist school—Camille Pissarro, Pierre Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley.

Working outside, Monet painted simple landscapes and scenes of contemporary middle-class society, and he began to have some success at official exhibitions. As his style developed, however, Monet violated one traditional artistic convention after another in the interest of direct artistic expression. His experiments in rendering outdoor sunlight with a direct, sketchlike application of bright color became more and more daring, and he seemed to cut himself off from the possibility of a successful career as a conventional painter supported by the art establishment.

During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Monet took refuge in England to avoid the conflict. While there he studied the works of John Constable and J. M. W. Turner, both of whose landscapes would serve to inspire Monet's innovations in the study of color. (continued on the bottom)

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Bathing at Grenouillere by Claude Monet
Garden at Saint Adresse by Claude Monet
Haystack Snow Effect by Claude Monet
Haystacks at Chailley at Sunrise by Claude Monet
House of Parliament by Claude Monet
Impressionist Sunrise by Claude Monet
Sun Breaking through the fog by Claude Monet
The Beach at Trouville by Claude Monet
The Bridge at Argenteuil by Claude Monet
The Highway Bridge at Argenteuil by Claude Monet
The Red Kerchief by Claude Monet
The Thames at Westminister by Claude Monet
The Water Lily Pond by Claude Monet
Water Lilies with Clouds by Claude Monet
Water Lilies 1905 by Claude Monet
Parliament at Sunset by Claude Monet
       
       

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From 1871 to 1878 Monet lived at Argenteuil, a village on the Seine near Paris, and here were painted some of his best known works.  Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873).Upon returning to France, in 1872 (or 1873) he painted Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) depicting a Le Havre landscape. It hung in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874 and is now displayed in the Musée Marmottan-Monet, Paris. From the painting's title, art critic Louis Leroy coined the term "Impressionism", which he intended to be derogatory.

In 1870, Monet and Doncieux married and in 1873 moved into a house in Argenteuil near the Seine River. They had another son, Michel, on March 17, 1878. Madame Monet died of tuberculosis in 1879.

Alice Hoschedé decided to help Monet by bringing up his two children together with her own. They lived in Poissy. In April 1883 they moved to a house in Giverny, Eure, in Haute-Normandie, where he planted a large garden which he painted for the rest of his life. Monet and Hoschedé married in 1892.

In the 1880s and 1890s, Monet began "series" painting: paintings of one subject in varying light and viewpoints. His first series is of Rouen Cathedral from different points of view and at different times of the day. Twenty views of the cathedral were exhibited at the Durand-Ruel in 1895. He also made a series of paintings of haystacks at different times of day.

 Water Lily Pond (Le bassin aux Nympheas) (1889) Monet was exceptionally fond of painting controlled nature: his own garden in Giverny, with its water lilies, pond and bridge. He also painted up and down the banks of the Seine.

Between 1883 and 1908, Monet travelled to the Mediterranean and painted many landscapes and seascapes such as Bordighera. Landmarks were another subject for Monet in the Mediterranean. His wife Alice died in 1911 and his son Jean died in 1914. Cataracts formed on his eyes for which he underwent two surgeries in 1923. It is interesting to note that the paintings done while the cataracts affected his vision have a general reddish tone, which is a characteristic of the vision of cataract victims. It may also be that after his surgery, he was now able to see certain ultraviolet wavelengths of light that are normally excluded by the lens of the eye [1]; this may have had an effect on the colors he perceived. After his operations he even repainted some of these paintings. Monet died December 5, 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery. His famous home and garden with its waterlily pond and bridge at Giverny are a popular drawcard for tourists. In the house there are many examples of Japanese woodcut prints on the walls.

 

Claude Monet in Museums and Web Sites (Click on Link to view image)

Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan
Gladioli

Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
6 works by Claude Monet

Fitzwilliam Museum at the University of Cambridge, UK
4 works online

Guggenheim Museum, New York City
The Palazzo Ducale, Seen from San Giorgio Maggiore, 1908

Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia
14 paintings

J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
4 works online by Monet

Claude Monet at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Garden at Sainte-Adresse, 1867

Claude Monet at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Many works, including: Île aux Fleurs near Vétheuil, 1880
Ice Floes, 1893
The Green Wave, 1865
The Houses of Parliament (Effect of Fog), 1903

Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris
9 paintings online

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas
The Windmill on the Onbekende Canal, Amsterdam, 1871

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas
Water Lilies (Nymphéas), 1907

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston   NEW!
Drawings collection online

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston   NEW!
Paintings collection online

Museum of Modern Art, New York City
2 works online

National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh
3 works online

Claude Monet at the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
26 works by Claude Monet

National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
A Stormy Sea
Jean-Pierre Hoschedé and Michel Monet on the Banks of the Epte
Waterloo Bridge: the Sun in a Fog

Claude Monet at the National Gallery, London, UK

North Carolina Museum of Art
The Cliff, Etretat, Sunset, 1883

Claude Monet at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
La Corniche near Monaco, 1884

Städel Museum, Frankfurt
The Luncheon (Le Déjeuner)

Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut
Camille on the Beach at Trouville

Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
Tow-Path at Argenteuil, Winter, ca.1875

Allen Art Museum at Oberlin College, Ohio
Garden of the Princess, Louvre, 1867
Wisteria (Glycines), ca.1919-20

Art Fund for UK Museums

Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia   NEW!
Port-Goulphar, Belle-Île, 1887

Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto
Vétheuil en été, 1879

Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, New York
The Rocks at Pourville, Low Tide
Towing a Boat, Honfleur
Waterloo Bridge, Veiled Sun

Art Institute of Chicago
16 works online

Beyeler Foundation Collection, Switzerland

Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York City
Houses of Parliament, Effect of Sunlight, 1903

Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Nympheas (Water Lilies), 1920-21

Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
Rouen Cathedral, The Façade in Sunlight, 1894

Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio
5 works

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
Willows of Vetheuil

Dayton Art Institute, Ohio
Waterlilies

Dixon Gallery and Gardens, Tennessee
Village Street, 1869-71

Fondation Bemberg Museum, Toulouse, France
Bateaux sur la plage à Etretat
Portrait de Jean Monet

Frick Collection, New York City
Vétheuil in Winter, 1879-80

Gemeentemuseum, The Hague
Fishing nets at Pourville, 1882

Harvard University Art Museums Database, Massachusetts

High Museum of Art, Georgia
Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil, 1873

Joslyn Art Museum, Nebraska
Across the Meadow, 1879

Joslyn Art Museum, Nebraska
Small Country Farm at Bordighera, 1884

Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art, Japan
Water lilies, 1907

Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas
Weeping Willow (Saule pleureur)

Kunsthaus Zurich

Claude Monet in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Database

Milwaukee Art Museum, Wisconsin
Waterloo Bridge, Sunlight Effect, ca.1900

Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Rouen Cathedral: Harmony in Blue, 1893

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam
Fisherman's Cabin at Varengeville, 1882

Museum of Fine Arts, St. Petersburg, Florida
Parliament, Effect of Fog, 1904

Museum of Modern Art, New York City - Provenance Research Project
5 works by Monet

National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo
On the Boat, 1887

National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo
Water Lilies, 1916

National Museums Liverpool, UK
Break-up of the ice on the Seine

Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Missouri

Oskar Reinhart Collection, Switzerland
The Break up of the Ice, 1881

Phoenix Art Museum, Arizona
Flowering Arches, Giverny, 1913

Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow
Boulevard De Capucines, Paris, 1873

Santa Barbara Museum of Art, California
Villas a Bordighera

Claude Monet at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art, Washington D.C.
Three photographs of Monet's studio and garden

Stedelijk Museum of Modern Art, Amsterdam
The House amid Roses, 1925-26

Tate Gallery, London, UK

The Barnes Foundation, Pennsylvania
Girl in a Garden with a Dog, 1873

The Walters Art Museum, Maryland
Springtime, ca.1872

Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal, Germany (in German) 

Yamagata Museum of Art, Japan
Charing Cross Bridge, la Tamise, 1903

Artprice

Art Renewal Center

Artchive

Artcyclopedia
Masterscan feature: Garden at Sainte-Adresse

CGFA

insecula·com

The Athenaeum
1061 works online by Monet

WebMuseum

Wikimedia

Ciudad de la Pintura (in Spanish) 

El Poder de la Palabra (The Power of the Word) (in Spanish)

Humanities Web

Olga's Gallery

The Halter Collection   

 

In 1874 Monet and his colleagues decided to appeal directly to the public by organizing their own exhibition. They called themselves independents, but the press soon derisively labeled them impressionists because their work seemed sketchy and unfinished (like a first impression) and because one of Monet's paintings had borne the title Impression: Sunrise (1872, Musée Marmottan, Paris). Monet's compositions from this time are extremely loosely structured, and the color was applied in strong, distinct strokes as if no reworking of the pigment had been attempted. This technique was calculated to suggest that the artist had indeed captured a spontaneous impression of nature. During the 1870s and 1880s Monet gradually refined this technique, and he made many trips to scenic areas of France, especially the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts, to study the most brilliant effects of light and color possible.

By the mid-1880s Monet, generally regarded as the leader of the impressionist school, had achieved significant recognition and financial security. Despite the boldness of his color and the extreme simplicity of his compositions, he was recognized as a master of meticulous observation, an artist who sacrificed neither the true complexities of nature nor the intensity of his own feelings. In 1890 he was able to purchase some property in the village of Giverny, not far from Paris, and there he began to construct a water garden (now open to the public)—a lily pond arched with a Japanese bridge and overhung with willows and clumps of bamboo.

Beginning in 1906, paintings of the pond and the water lilies occupied him for the remainder of his life; they hang in the Orangerie, Paris; the Art Institute of Chicago; and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Throughout these years he also worked on his other celebrated “series” paintings, groups of works representing the same subject—haystacks, poplars, Rouen Cathedral, the river Seine—seen in varying light, at different times of the day or seasons of the year. Despite failing eyesight, Monet continued to paint almost up to the time of his death, on December 5, 1926, at Giverny.


 

           
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